Ensuring global energy security in current geopolitical conditions

Abstract

The scientific article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of points of view regarding the interpretation of the concept and content of energy security. The analysis of doctrinal sources on normative legal acts led to the conclusion about the complexity, multifacetedness and capacity of the studied category. It is noted that to determine the state of energy security, experts use a number of indicators that form the basis of assessing the state of the energy market and resources: the cost of resources, the level of energy consumption, the efficiency of the use of energy resources, resource sufficiency, the energy balance, the level of foreign investments in the energy sector, etc. It was concluded that the definition of the concept and content of the studied category should be based on its broad interpretation: energy security of the country is the state of protection of the country, its citizens, society, first of all, its economy from the threat of a deficit in meeting energy needs with economically available fuel and energy resources of appropriate quality in normal conditions and in emergency situations, as well as from the threat of disrupting the stability of the supply of fuel and energy resources and with minimal negative impact on the environment. The main components or conditions of the mentioned event are: physical availability of energy resources, continuity of their supply and availability, economic justification. Key internal and external factors affecting energy security are highlighted. In particular, internal factors include: the level of the country's own energy resources; fuel and energy balance of the country; social threats (fuel prices for the population, high production accidents, etc.); political, legislative, managerial activity; ecological situation, etc. External factors are: energy poverty, geopolitical interests of countries; economic threats (adverse market conditions); uneven distribution of deposits and concentration of main reserves in politically unstable regions, zones of military conflicts; the threat of terrorist acts at energy facilities, etc. It is summarized that energy security has a global character, ensuring it should be achieved by the joint efforts of all countries of the world. At the same time, the means and mechanisms of its achievement are individual for each country, taking into account the internal features and needs of the industry.